Felsefenin Zaman Çizelgesi

ANCIENT AND MEDIEVAL PHILOSOPHY

650 B.C.E.	THE IONIANS Thales (624-546) Anaximander (611-547) Anaximenes (599-524)	The Period of Naturalism	The Beginning of Western Philosophy in Ancient Greece
600 B.C.E.	Heraclitus of Ephesus (540-460) Pythagoras (570-?)
550 B.C.E.	THE ELEATIC SCHOOL Xenophanes of Colophon Parmenides of Elea (540-?) Zeno of Elea		The Golden Age of Greece (480-399)The Persian WarsThe Peloponnesian War
500 B.C.E.	THE PLURALISTS Empedocles (490-430) Anaxagoras (500-428)
450 B.C.E.	THE ATOMISTS Democritus (460-370) Leucippus
400 B.C.E.	THE SOPHISTS Protagoras Gorgias	The Metaphysical Period
350 B.C.E.	Socrates (470-399)Plato (428-347)Aristotle (384-322)		The Decline and Fall of Greek Freedom (399-322)The Hellenistic Dispersion (322-146)
	STOICISM Zeno (336-264)EPICUREANISM Epicurus (342-270)SKEPTICISM Pyrrho of Elis (365-275)ECLECTICISM Antiochus	The Ethical Period
250 B.C.E.	GREEK SCIENCE Euclid (c. 300) Archimedes (287-212) Apollonius (260-200) Ptolemy
50 B.C.E.	THE JUDAIC- ALEXANDRIAN SCHOOLPhilo of Alexandria (30 BCE – 50 CE)	The Religious Period	Greece and Macedonia Become a Province of Rome (146)The Roman Empire (146 BCE – 192 CE)Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (193-305)The Triumph of Christianity (306-325)
	THE NEO- PYTHAGOREAN SCHOOLApollonius of Tiana
50 C.E.to900 C.E.	THE NEO-PLATONIC SCHOOLAmmonius Saccas of Alexandria (176-242)
	Plotinus (205-270)
	St. Augustine (354-430)
	John Scotus Erigena (815-877)	The Period of Scholastic Philosophy	The Dark Ages (566-1095)
1000 C.E.to1399 C.E.	THE MYSTICS St. Peter Damian (1007-1072)St. Bernard of Clairvaux (1091-1153)
	THE DIALECTICIANS St. Anselm (1033-1109)Peter Abelard (1079-1142)John of Salisbury (1110-1182)		The Middle Ages
	Albertus Magnus (1193-1280)Roger Bacon (1214-1294)St. Bonaventure (1221-1274)St. Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274) John Duns Scotus (1265-1308) William of Ockham (?-1349)
1400 C.E.to1600 C.E.	Master Eckhart (1260-1327)	Beginning of Modern Humanism	The Renaissance (1304-1576)The Reformation (1517-1564)
	HUMANISMNicholas of Cusa (1401-1464)Bernardio Telesio (1509-1588)Giorano Bruno (1548-1600) Tommaso Campanella (1568-1639)
	Niccolo Machiavelli (1469-1527)

MODERN AND CONTEMPORARY PHILOSOPHY

1600 C.E. to the Present Day

Galileo Galilei (1564-1642)

EMPIRICISM

Francis Bacon (1561-1626)
Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679)
John Locke (1632-1704)
Isaac Newton (1642-1727)
George Berkeley (1685-1753)
David Hume (1711-1776)

RATIONALISM

Rene Descartes (1596-1650)
Benedict Spinoza (1632-1677)
Nicholas de Malebranche (1538-1715)
Blaise Pascal (1623-1662)
Gottfried W. von Leibnitz (1646-1716)

THE ENLIGHTENMENT

Baron de Montesquieu
(1689-1775)
Jean Jacques Rousseau
(1712-1778)
Voltaire (1694-1778)

KANTIAN CRITICISM

Immanuel Kant (1724-1804)

IDEALISM

Johann Fichte (1762-1814)
Friedrich W. von Schelling
(1775-1854)
Friedrich Schleiermacher
(1768-1834)
Georg Hegel (1779-1831)
Johann Herbart (1776-1841)
Arthur Schopenhauer
(1788-1860)
Rudolph Herman Lotze
(1817-1881)
Gustav Theodor Fechner
(1801-1887)

POSITIVISM

FRENCH

August Comte (1798-1857)

GERMAN

Ludwig Fauerbach (1804-1872)
Karl Marx (1818-1883)
Friedrich Engels (1820-1895)

UTILITARIANISM

Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832)
James Mill (1773-1836)
John Stuart Mill (1806-1873)

Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900)

CRITICAL IDEALISM

Wilhelm Windelband (1848-1915)
Henrich Richert (1863-1936)
Wilhelm Dilthey (1833-1912)
Rudolph Eucken (1846-1926)

GERMAN PSYCHOLOGISM

Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920)

AMERICAN IDEALISM

Josiah Royce (1855-1916)
Bordon Parker Bowne
(1847-1910)

THE NEW IDEALISM

Thomas Hill Green (1836-1882)
Francis Herbert Bradley
(1846-1924)
Bernard Bosanquet (1848-1923)
Benedetto Croce (1866-1952)
Giovanni Gentile (1875-1944)

PRAGMATICISM

Charles Sander Peirce
(1839-1914)

EVOLUTIONISM

Charles Darwin (1809-1882)
Herbert Spencer (1820-1903)
Ernst Haeckel (1834-1919)

PRAGMATISMWilliam James (1842-1910)
John Dewey (1859-1952)

PSYCHOANALYSISSigmund Freud (1856-1939)

NEO-POSITIVISM

Moritz Schlick (1882-1936)
Ernst Mach (1838-1016)
Rudolf Carnap (1891-1970)
Ludwig Wittgenstein
(1889-1951)
John Wisdom (1904-1993)
Willard Van Orman Quine (1908-2000)
Max Black (1909-1988)
Alfred J. Ayer (1910-1989)

EXISTENTIALISMSoren Kierkegaard (1813-1855)
Karl Barth (1886-1968)
Martin Heidegger (1889-1976)
Karl Jaspers (1883-1969)
Gabriel Marcel (1889-1973)
Jean Paul Sartre (1906-1980)

INTUITIONISM

Henri Bergson (1859-1941)PHENOMENOLOGY

Edmund Husserl (1859-1938)
Maurice Merleau-Ponty (1908-1961)

NEO-REALISM

Franz Bretano (1838-1917)
Alexius Meinong (1853-1920)
Edmund Husserl (1859-1938)
S. Alexander (1859-1938)
Alfred North Whitehead
(1861-1947)
Bertrand Russell (1872-1970)
George Santayana (1863-1952)
G.E. Moore (1873-1958)

THE FRANKFURT SCHOOL

Herbert Marcuse (1898-1979)
Theodor Adorno (1903-1969)
Erich Fromm (1900-1980)
Jurgen Habermas (1929- )

CRITICAL RATIONALISM

Karl Popper (1902-1994)

PHILOSOPHICAL HERMENEUTICS

Hans-Georg
Gadamer (1900- )

NEO-PRAGMATISM

Richard Rorty (1931- )

CULTURAL THEORY, STRUCTURALISM, POSTMODERNISM, & DECONSTRUCTIONISM

OBJECTIVISM

Ayn Rand (1905-1982)
Nathaniel Branden (1930- )

Gyorgy Lukacs (1885-1971)
Antonio Gramsci (1891-1937)
Ferdinand de Saussure (1857-1913)

Claude Levi-Strauss (1908- )
Michel Foucault (1926-1984)
Jacques Derrida (1930- )

THE REVIVAL OF CLASSICAL REALISMJacques Maritain (1882-1973)
Mortimer Adler (1902-2001)
John Wild (1902-1972)
Jonathan Dolhenty (1938- )

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